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Panchang is considered to be the most important part of Indian astrology. Panchang is made up of a mixture of five things. Day, Tithi, Nakshatra, Karana and Yoga. All these five things have their own importance but the most important is the date. Since all our festivals are celebrated according to the dates. You must have often heard from the mouth of Pandit ji that there is a decrease and increase in date. Due to which many festivals are celebrated for two days. Actually there are two sides in a month, Krishna Paksha and Shukla Paksha. In this, from the Pratipada of Shukla and Krishna Paksha, 14 tithis till Chaturdashi and thirty tithis including full moon and new moon, a moon is formed. The 15th Tithi of Shukla Paksha is Poornima and 15th Tithi of Krishna Paksha is Amavasya. The Bhog period of one Tithi is generally 60 Ghati. The decay or increase of a date depends on the sunrise. If a Tithi starts before sunrise and lasts till next sunrise, then that Tithi gets extended i.e. it is called Vriddhi Tithi but if a Tithi starts after sunrise and ends before the next sunrise. If so, then that date gets destroyed, that is, it is called Kshya Tithi.

The dates are determined on the basis of the mutual motions of the Sun and the Moon. Amavasya Tithi occurs when the Sun and the Moon are at the same place (the same degree). At this time, the Moon is not visible due to its proximity to the Sun or setting, and the difference between the Sun and the Moon is zero. The daily speed of the Moon is greater than the daily speed of the Sun. The Moon completes one zodiac sign in about two and a half days, whereas the Sun is able to travel through one zodiac sign in 30 days. If it happens, then Pratipada ends and the moon rises. The main reason for Tithi increase and Tithi decay is that a date is of 12 degrees, which the moon completes in 60 hours, but this speed of the moon keeps on increasing. Sometimes the moon moving fast (a date) crosses a distance of 12 degrees in less than 60 hours and sometimes it moves slowly and completes it in more than 60 hours. When it takes more than 60 Ghati to traverse a Tithi (12 degrees) then that Tithi gets extended and when it takes less than 60 Ghati then that Tithi is decimated i.e. the Tithi in which sunrise occurs twice. The growth of that Tithi and the Tithi in which there is no sunrise even once, it gets eroded. We can understand the decay and growth of dates as follows-

When sunrise occurs twice in a Tithi, then that Tithi is increased. For example, on a Monday, the sunrise happened at 5:48 am and on this day Saptami Tithi started at 5:32 am before sunrise and on the next day after sunrise (5:47 am) till 7:08 am and after that Ashtami Tithi started. In this way, the increase of date is considered to be due to Saptami Tithi being at sunrise on both Monday and Tuesday. The total value of Saptami Tithi came to be 25 hours 36 minutes which is an average value of 60 Ghati or more than 24 hours. In such a situation, any date gets extended.

When sunrise does not occur even once in a Tithi, then that Tithi gets destroyed. For example, on a Wednesday, the sunrise happened at 5:44 am and on this day the Dwadashi Tithi ended after sunrise at 6:08 am and Trayodashi Tithi started and Trayodashi Tithi remained after midnight till 27.52 minutes (ie 3:52 after midnight). After that Chaturdashi date started. Sunrise did not happen even once on Trayodashi Tithi. Dwadashi Tithi at sunrise on Wednesday and Chaturdashi Tithi on Thursday at sunrise (5:43 am), due to which Trayodashi Tithi got eroded.